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Speech Therapy
Speech therapy focuses on disorders of speech sounds, fluency, or voice that interfere with communication, adversely affect performance and/or functioning in the educational environment.
  1. Speech sound disorder – A speech sound disorder is a phonological or articulation disorder that is evidenced by the atypical production of speech sounds characterized by substitutions, distortions, additions, or omissions that interfere with intelligibility. A speech sound disorder is not primarily the result of factors related to chronological age, gender, culture, ethnicity, or limited English proficiency.
    • Phonological disorder – A phonological disorder is an impairment in the system of phonemes and phoneme patterns within the context of spoken language.
    • Articulation disorder – An articulation disorder is characterized by difficulty in the articulation of speech sounds that may be due to a motoric or structural problem.
  2. Fluency disorder – A fluency disorder is characterized by deviations in continuity, smoothness, rhythm, or effort in spoken communication. It may be accompanied by excessive tension and secondary behaviors, such as struggle and avoidance. A fluency disorder is not primarily the result of factors related to chronological age, gender, culture, ethnicity, or limited English proficiency.
  3. Voice disorder – A voice disorder is characterized by the atypical production or absence of vocal quality, pitch, loudness, resonance, or duration of phonation that is not primarily the result of factors related to chronological age, gender, culture, ethnicity, or limited English proficiency.

Language TherapyLanguage therapy focuses on disorders of language that interfere with communication, adversely affect performance and/or functioning in the student’s typical learning environment.  A Language impairment is defined as a disorder in one or more of the basic learning processes involved in understanding or in using spoken or written language. 

  1. Phonology – Phonology is defined as the sound system of a language and the linguistic conventions of a language that guide the sound selection and sound combinations used to convey meaning;
  2. Morphology – Morphology is defined as the system that governs the internal structure of words and the construction of word forms;
  3. Syntax – Syntax is defined as the system governing the order and combination of words to form sentences, and the relationships among the elements within a sentence;
  4. Semantics – Semantics is defined as the system that governs the meanings of words and sentences; and
  5. Pragmatics – Pragmatics is defined as the system that combines language components in functional and socially appropriate communication.

Occupational Therapy: School based occupational therapy is a related service to special education. Occupational therapy focuses on developing strategies for success in schools in the areas of fine motor, visual motor, self-care and sensory processing skills.

Physical Therapy: School based physical therapy is a related service to special education. Physical therapy focuses on developing strategies for success in schools in the areas of functional mobility, balance, gross motor skills, and/or endurance.